Public International Law

Description

CHAPTER 1: GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

Origin and Development of International Law.
Public and Private International Law.
International Law V/s Municipal Law.
˜ Dualism
˜ Monism
Weaknesses of International Law
Subjects of International Law
CHAPTER-2 NATURE AND BASIS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW                                                                

Not a Law- Supporters and their views
International Law Is a Law
Basis of International Law
Sanctions of International Law
Enforcement of International Law
Functions of International Law
Conclusion
CHAPTER-3 SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ITS JURISDICTION 
Traditional Sources of International Law
˜ Treaties
˜ Customary Law
˜ General Principles of Law
˜ Decisions of Courts and Tribunals
˜ Decisions of International Organizations
PART B: JURISDICTION
General Concept
General Classification of Jurisdiction
˜ Personal Jurisdiction
˜ Territorial Jurisdiction
˜ Land Jurisdiction
˜ Maritime and Fluvial Jurisdiction
˜ The Contiguous Zone
˜ The Continental Shelf

˜ Aerial Jurisdiction
˜ The Patrimonial Sea
˜ The Open Seas
Principles of Jurisdiction
1. The Territorial Principle
2. The Nationality/ Active Personality Principle
3. Passive personality principle
4. The Protective Principle
5. The Universality Principle
The case of United States of America v. Noriega
Immunity of the Sovereign
Jurisdiction in case of collision of ships on high sea
The concept of Criminal jurisdiction under international law

CHAPTER-4 RECOGNITION AND EXTRADITION                                                                              

Meaning and Definition of the term ‘Recognition’
Objects of Recognition
Theories of Recognition
i. Constitutive Theory
ii. Declaratory or Evidentiary theory
Preconditions of Recognition
Is there a duty to grant recognition?
Recognition of State and Government
1. De Jure Government
2. De facto Government
Distinctions between the two kinds of recognition
Legal Effects of Recognition of State and Governments
Recognition subject to a condition
Implied recognition
Collective recognition
Recognition of a head of state or of a new government
Recognition of Belligerency
Withdrawal of Recognition
Indian Policy of Recognition
B. EXTRADITION
Meaning and definition of the term extradition
Interpol and Extradition
Position in India

Extradition Treaties or Arrangements
Kinds of Extradition Treaties
Effect of War on Extradition Treaties
State Succession and Extradition Treaties
Extradition and Political Offence
Extradition and Human Rights Implication
New Trends in Extradition Law
Human Rights as an Absolute Bar to Extradition
Doctrine of Speciality
Principle of Double Criminality
Nationality and Extradition
Leading judgments of the Supreme Court regarding Extradition

CHAPTER 5 SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL

DISPUTES AND TREATIES
Settlement of International Disputes
Pacific means of settlement of international dispute
1. Arbitration
2. Judicial Settlement
3. Negotiations and consultations
4. Mediation and good offices
5. Enquiry
6. Conciliation
7. United Nation procedures
Coercive Means
1. Retaliation
2. Reprisals
3. Embargo
4. UN Settlement
5. Severance of diplomatic relations
6. Maritime Blockade
B. TREATIES
Treaty as a generic term
Kinds of treaties
An introduction to the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
Status of Vienna Convention, 1969
Vienna formula
Making of Treaties
Reservations
Amendments in treaty
Interpretation of treaty                                                                                                                                                   Consequences of terminology
Ending treaty obligations
Role of the United Nations
Important Maxims Regarding Treaties
1. Pactaterties nee nocent
2. The rebus sic stantibus
3. Pactasuntservanda
Jus Cogens: A binding force of International Law

CHAPTER-6 WAR AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS                                                                    

A. War
International Concept of war
Definition and concept of war
Different types of Warfare
Effects of war over the Nations
Important legislations on war
Conclusion
B. INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS
Definition and types of International Organizations
Features of International Organizations
Sovereignty and Competence
The concept of legal personality
Criteria for International legal personality
Extent of legal personality
Objective Personality
Rights and duties of international organizations
Conclusion

CHAPTER-7 LEAGUE OF NATIONS

Historical Background
The Covenant of the League of Nations
The Organization of the League of Nations
Successes and Failures of the League of Nations

CHAPTER-8 THE UNITED NATIONS AND ITS ORGANS                                                                        Charter of the United Nations
The Aims of the United Nations
The Principles of the United Nations
Charter Provisions
Membership
The General Assembly
The Security Council
The Economic and Social Council

The Trusteeship Council
The International Court of Justice
The Secretariat
The UN System
UN Action for Peace
Autonomous Organizations Linked To the UNThrough Special Agreements

CHAPTER-9 THE LAWS OF WARFARE (LAND, SEA, AND AIR)                                                            Laws of Land Warfare and Geneva Convention (1949)
Purposes of the Law of War
Basic Principles
Laws of Land Warfare
The Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Their Additional Protocols
˜ The 1949 Geneva Conventions
˜ The second Geneva Convention, 1949
˜ The Third Geneva Convention, 1949
˜ The fourth Geneva Convention, 1949 (It affords protection to civilians, including in occupied territory)
Common Article 3
Application of the Geneva Conventions
The Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions
˜ Additional Protocol I – international conflicts
˜ Additional Protocol II – non-international conflicts
˜ Additional Protocol III – additional distinctive emblem
The Emblems under International Humanitarian Law

Laws of Sea Water and The Declaration of Paris (1856)
Making of the Laws of warfare
Laws of maritime Warfare
Declaration Respecting Maritime Law, Paris, 16 April 1856
Prize courts
˜ The Appam
˜ International Prize Court
Laws of Air Warfare and The Washington Conference
The beginning of regulations
The rules of aerial action
The parameters of air warfare
Some instances of belligerent aerial action
˜ Anti-city strategy/blitz
˜ The El Dorado Canyon operation
˜ The Gulf war: Desert Shield and Desert Storm
˜ Operation Deny Flight in the former Yugoslavia
Hague Peace Conferences                                                                                                                                          Problems Posed by Air Power
The Hague Rules of Air Warfare
Conclusion

INTERNATIONAL LAW II
CHAPTER-10 INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW                                                                       Concept and definition of International Humanitarian Law
Origin of International Humanitarian Law
Creation of International Humanitarian Law
Treaties Making Up International Humanitarian Law
Application of International Humanitarian Law
Areas of International Humanitarian Law
Jus Ad Bellum And Jus In Bello
International Humanitarian Law And International Human Rights Law: Similarities And Differences

CHAPTER-11 INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE LAW                                                                                          Definition
Distinction between Refugees and Other Foreigners
The Legal Framework of the International Refugee Protection System
International laws and standards
˜ 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
˜ 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees
The responsibilities of States parties to the Refugee Convention
Regional laws and standards
˜ 1969 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa
˜ The Cartagena Declaration
The principle of non-refoulement
UN General Assembly resolutions – The 1967 Declaration on Territorial Asylum
Rights crucial to refugee protection
UN Special Procedures on Human Rights available to or in favour of refugees
Refugee Law and International humanitarian law
India’s Stand on the Issue of Refugees Without Being a Party To The ‘Refugees Convention’
Refugees and the Indian Legal Framework
˜ Constitutional Provisions
˜ Problem Faced By Refugees In India Being Not A Party To The Refugee’s Convention
˜ The Foreigners Act And Its Application To Refugees
˜ Principle of Non-refoulment Under Indian Law                                                                                                           Constitutional Protection To Foreigner’s
˜ Conclusion
Syrian Crisis & Legal Reactions In European Union

CHAPTER-12 INTERNATIONAL AIR AND SPACE LAW                                                                              Introduction
The Outer Space Legal Landscape
Space Law Treaties and Principles
International Space Law and National Space Legislation
India’s Contribution in Development of International Space Law
˜ Indian Space Activities and Law on Intellectual Property Protection
˜ Developments in space and India
˜ Indian Compliance with International Space Law

CHAPTER-13 INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW                                                                                     Concept of international Economic law
The definition of international economic law
The basis of international economic law Economic sovereignty
Permanent sovereignty over natural resources (PSNR)
Fundamental principles of international economic law
The law on natural resources
˜ The Stockholm Declaration 1972
˜ The Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States 1974
˜ World Charter for Nature 1982
˜ UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982
˜ The Brundtland Commission
˜ The Rio Conference 1992
˜ The UN Convention on Biological Diversity 1992
Conclusion

CHAPTER-14 INDIA AND WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION                                                                     The World Trade Organisation
˜ Dispute settlement
˜ Non-tariff barriers
Doha Round of negotiations
Success or Failure of these Talks on India
India & WTO: The History of Disputes and the Commitments of Future
India’s New Robust Policies under Modi Regime
Trade Facilitation Agreement of WTO Ratified

 CHAPTER-15 INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 
Basic Concepts of International Environmental law
Aims of International Environmental law
Features of International Environmental law
Development Implications of International Environmental law
Laws under International Environmental laws
Conclusion

APPENDIX I: CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS, 314 – 367
1945 (With Amendments)
APPENDIX II: STATUTE OF INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
APPENDIX -III:IMPORTANT CASES INVOLVING QUESTIONS OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW :
˜ The Lotus Case (1927, France V. Turkey, Pcij)
˜ The Asylum Case (1960 World)
˜ Mccannv. United Kingdom (1995; Euro Court Of Human Rights)
˜ Filartigav. Pena-Irala (1980; 2d) Plaintiff – Filartiga (Citizens Of Paraguay) Defendant ˜ District Court Dismissed For Lack Of Smj. On Appeal.
˜ The Reservations To The Genocide Convention Case (1951, Icj)
˜ The Paquete Habana Case (1900, Us)
˜ The Soering Case (1989, Echr)
˜ Treaty Regimes And The Protection Of The Environment Case: The Shrimp Turtle ˜ Case (38 International Legal Materials 118, 1999)
˜ Individuals As Subjects Of Int’l Law Case: The Nuremberg Judgment (1946)

Multiple Choice Questions 368 – 381