Analog Systems & Applications by Dr. Mothura Nath Borah is a well-structured textbook designed in accordance with the FYUGP–NEP 2020 syllabus prescribed for B.Sc. 4th Semester Physics (Major) courses under Gauhati University and Bodoland University.

This book provides a clear, conceptual, and application-oriented understanding of analog electronics and circuit theory, covering the foundational principles and their real-world implementations. The author presents the subject with clarity, precision, and problem-based learning, making it ideal for undergraduate physics students.

Key Features:

• Covers the complete FYUGP–NEP syllabus for B.Sc. 4th Semester Physics Major.

• Detailed discussions on semiconductor devices, rectifiers, amplifiers, oscillators, and operational amplifiers (op-amps).

• Clear explanation of analog system principles and applications in modern electronics.

• Step-by-step derivations, circuit diagrams, and solved examples to strengthen conceptual understanding.

• Includes numerical problems, exercises, and short-answer questions for exam preparation.

• Useful for students of Gauhati University, Bodoland University, and other Indian universities following NEP-based courses.

  Chapter 1: Semiconductor Diodes

  • Atomic Energy Levels

  • Energy Levels to Energy Bands

    • Insulator, Conductor and Semiconductor

    • Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors

    • n-type and p-type Semiconductors

  • Mass-action Law

  • Energy Level Diagram

  • Conductivity and Charge Densities

  • Drift Velocity and Mobility

  • Fabrication and Barrier Formation in p-n Junction Diode

  • Diffusion, Total Current and Continuity Equation

  • Injected Minority Carrier Charge

  • Diode Biasing: Forward and Reverse Biasing, Current Flow Mechanism, Static and Dynamic Resistance, Step Junction

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  Chapter 2: Two-Terminal Devices and Their Applications

  • Half-wave Rectifier

    • RMS Current and Voltage

  • Full-wave Rectifier

  • Bridge Rectifier

  • Filters: Capacitor and Inductor Filters

  • Zener Diode and Voltage Regulation

  • LED, Photodiode and Solar Cell

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  Chapter 3: Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT)

  • p-n-p and n-p-n Transistor Structure and Operation

  • Current Components and Current Amplification Factor

  • Characteristics of CB, CE, and CC Configurations

  • Input and Output Resistances and β Gain

  • Load Line Analysis and Quiescent Point

  • Transistor Biasing and Stabilization Circuits

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  Chapter 4: Amplifiers

  • Transistor Biasing: Fixed Bias, Base Bias, and Voltage Divider Bias

  • h-parameter Equivalent Circuit and CE Amplifier Analysis

  • Input and Output Impedance

  • Current Gain and Voltage Gain

  • Power Gain and Classification of Amplifiers

    • Class A, B, and C Amplifiers

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  Chapter 5: Coupled Amplifiers

  • Two-stage RC Coupled Amplifier and Frequency Response

  • Low, Mid, and High Frequency Range Analysis

  • Bandwidth and Gain Bandwidth Product

  • Advantages, Disadvantages, and Applications

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  Chapter 6: Feedback in Amplifier

  • Principle of Feedback in Amplifiers

  • Positive and Negative Feedback Effects

  • Input/Output Impedance and Non-linear Distortion

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  Chapter 7: Sinusoidal Oscillators

  • Barkhausen Criterion for Self-Sustained Oscillations

  • RC Phase Shift Oscillator

  • Hartley and Colpitts Oscillators — Frequency Determination and Applications

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  Chapter 8: Operational Amplifiers (OP-AMP)

  • Circuit Symbol and Black Box Approach

  • Open Loop Voltage Gain and Characteristics

  • Input Offset Voltage and Current

  • Output Offset Voltage Drift and PSRR

  • Inverting and Non-inverting Amplifiers

  • Summing, Integrator, Differentiator, Comparator, and Wien-Bridge Oscillator

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  Chapter 9: Applications of OP-AMP

  • Adder, Subtractor, Integrator, Differentiator Circuits

  • Voltage Follower and Comparator

  • Amplifier Circuits and Frequency Response

  • Practical vs. Ideal OP-AMP Characteristics

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  Chapter 10: Conversion

  • D/A Conversion: R-2R Ladder and Binary Weighted Resistor Type

  • A/D Conversion: Successive Approximation and Comparator-based Converters

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  Chapter 11: Electronic Instruments — Multimeter and CRO

  • Introduction to Measurement Devices

  • Multimeter: Types, Uses, and Applications

  • Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO): Principles and Applications

  • Solved Examples and Theoretical Questions