Cell Biology Including Practicals by Dr. Tripurari Mishra is a comprehensive textbook designed as per the CBCS syllabus for B.Sc. 2nd Semester Zoology Honours students. Published by Mahaveer Publications, this book provides a clear understanding of the structural and functional organization of cells — the fundamental unit of life.

The text covers essential topics such as cell structure, types of cells, cell organelles, nucleus, plasma membrane, mitochondria, chloroplast, and cell division. Special emphasis is given to cell physiology, molecular components, and cellular interactions, making it ideal for undergraduate learners.

The practical section includes detailed experimental procedures, microscopic studies, and hands-on exercises to help students gain laboratory skills and conceptual clarity.

UNIT–I: Introduction to Cell Biology

• Discovery of the Cell and Cell Theory

• Types of Cells: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

• Overview of Cellular Organization

• Differences between Plant and Animal Cells

• Microscopic and Ultrastructural Organization

UNIT–II: Cell Membrane and Cell Wall

• Structure and Composition of Plasma Membrane (Fluid Mosaic Model)

• Membrane Transport: Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, Endocytosis, Exocytosis

• Cell Wall Structure and Function in Plants and Fungi

UNIT–III: Cytoplasmic Organelles

• Endoplasmic Reticulum: Structure and Functions

• Golgi Apparatus and Lysosomes

• Mitochondria: Structure and Role in Cellular Respiration

• Plastids: Types and Functions

• Ribosomes and Peroxisomes

UNIT–IV: Nucleus and Chromosomes

• Structure of Nucleus: Nuclear Envelope, Nucleolus, Chromatin

• Structure and Types of Chromosomes

• Giant Chromosomes: Polytene and Lampbrush

• DNA and RNA as Genetic Material

• Nucleic Acids: Structure and Function

UNIT–V: Cell Division and Cell Cycle

• Phases of Cell Cycle

• Mitosis and Meiosis: Stages and Significance

• Regulation of Cell Cycle

• Apoptosis (Programmed Cell Death)

UNIT–VI: Cell Communication and Signaling

• Cell Junctions and Adhesion

• Cell Signaling Pathways: Signal Reception and Transduction

• Role of Hormones and Secondary Messengers

UNIT–VII: Cytoskeleton and Cellular Movement

• Microtubules, Microfilaments, and Intermediate Filaments

• Cilia, Flagella, and Amoeboid Movement

• Motor Proteins: Dynein, Kinesin, Myosin

PRACTICALS:

1. Study and handling of compound microscope.

2. Preparation and observation of temporary cell mounts (onion peel, cheek cells).

3. Study of different stages of mitosis using onion root tip squash preparation.

4. Identification of cell organelles from electron micrographs.

5. Measurement of cell size using micrometry.

6. Study of giant chromosomes (polytene, lampbrush) through slides or images.

7. Observation of plasmolysis and deplasmolysis in plant cells.