Physical Chemistry–II by Dr. Biplab Banik is a comprehensive textbook specially designed for B.Sc. 2nd Semester Chemistry Honours students, following the CBCS syllabus prescribed by Indian universities. Published by Mahaveer Publications, this book presents core physical chemistry concepts in a clear, systematic, and student-friendly manner, making it ideal for both classroom learning and self-study.

The book covers essential units of thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, ionic equilibria, electrochemistry, solutions, colligative properties, and surface chemistry, ensuring students build a strong conceptual foundation. Each chapter is supported by mathematical derivations, solved numerical problems, conceptual illustrations, and end-of-chapter exercises to reinforce learning and examination readiness.

Written by an experienced academic, the book integrates theoretical explanations with real-world chemical applications, helping students understand the significance of physical chemistry in chemical science, industry, and research.

Unit 01: Chemical Thermodynamics

A complete foundation in the laws governing heat, work, energy, and spontaneity of chemical processes.

Topics Covered

• Terminology of thermodynamics

• Mathematical expressions & state functions

• Heat, temperature & internal energy

• Zeroth Law & First Law of Thermodynamics

• Work done in isothermal & adiabatic processes

• Reversible vs irreversible processes

• Enthalpy & heat capacity

• Relation between $C_p$ & $C_v$

• ΔH vs ΔU and temperature influence

• Thermochemistry (exo & endothermic reactions)

• Heat of reaction, neutralization & enthalpy determination

• Bond energy & bond dissociation energy

• Ideal gases & Joule-Thomson coefficient

• Spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes

• Criteria of spontaneity (minimum energy, maximum randomness)

• Thermodynamic temperature scale

• Entropy: concept, physical significance & changes in processes

• Entropy of mixing & ideal gases

• Gibbs free energy (G) & Helmholtz free energy (A)

• Feasibility & Clausius inequality

• Maxwell’s relationships

• Nernst Heat Theorem

• Third Law of Thermodynamics & applications

• Absolute entropy of solids

• Carnot cycle & efficiency

• Equilibrium constant relation with free energy

• Flame and explosion temperature

• Maximum explosion temperature

A highly detailed thermodynamic treatment that builds strong conceptual and numerical aptitude.

 Unit 02: System of Variable Composition

Deep exploration of multi-component systems and thermodynamic variables.

Topics Covered

• Partial molar properties & their significance

• Determination of partial molar quantities

• Chemical potential & its temperature/pressure dependence

• Gibbs-Duhem equation

• Gibbs-Duhem-Margules equation

• Thermodynamic parameters of open systems

• Ideal gas mixture properties

• Mixing functions & variations

• Thermodynamic composition changes in mixtures

This unit helps students understand the behavior of real systems with variable components.

 Unit 03: Chemical Equilibrium

A rigorous thermodynamic interpretation of chemical equilibrium.

Topics Covered

• Meaning & characteristics of equilibrium

• Types of reactions

• Thermodynamic criteria of equilibrium

• Advancement of reaction (ξ)

• Chemical equilibrium in ideal gas mixtures

• Equilibrium constant: $K_p$, $K_c$, $K_x$

• Relationship between equilibrium constants

• Effect of temperature, pressure & concentration

• Le-Chatelier's Principle & thermodynamic treatment

• Fugacity & its determination

• Fugacity in solids, liquids & gases

• Coupling of exo- and endergonic reactions

Provides strong theoretical foundations for reaction dynamics and equilibrium shifts.

 Unit 04: Solution & Colligative Properties

Essential study of solutions, concentration terms, solubility and colligative effects.

Topics Covered

• Introduction & types of solutions

• Concentration terms: N, M, m, X, %, ρ relations

• Equivalent mass & n-factor

• Strength of solution after mixing

• Henry’s Law & applications

• Solubility of gases and liquids

• Raoult’s Law & Dalton’s Law

• Colligative properties:

  • Lowering of vapour pressure

  • Elevation of boiling point

  • Depression in freezing point

  • Osmotic pressure

• Thermodynamic derivations of all colligative formulas

• Abnormal molecular mass & van’t Hoff factor

• Conditions for the validity of colligative properties

• Factors affecting vapour pressure, boiling point, freezing point & osmotic pressure

A perfect blend of theoretical and numerical approaches crucial for university exams.