Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates with Practical by Dr. Tripurari Mishra is a comprehensive and curriculum-oriented textbook designed according to the FYUGP NEP and CBCS syllabus for 3rd Semester B.Sc. Zoology Major students. This book caters to the academic needs of students from DU, MU, NU, GU, and various autonomous colleges and universities across India.

The book offers an in-depth comparative study of the anatomical structures of major vertebrate groups—fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals—covering both theoretical foundations and practical components.

? Course Content:

Unit 1: Integumentary System (Page 7)

• Structure and function of vertebrate integument

• Comparative study of skin and derivatives (scales, feathers, hair, glands) in fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

Unit 2: Skeletal System (Page 36)

• Types of skeletal systems in vertebrates

• Comparative analysis of axial and appendicular skeleton

• Structure of skull, vertebrae, girdles, and limb bones

Unit 3: Digestive System (Page 87)

• Comparative structure of alimentary canal

• Digestive glands in vertebrates

• Adaptations to feeding mechanisms across classes

Unit 4: Respiratory System (Page 113)

• Respiratory structures in fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

• Evolution of lungs and air sacs

• Mechanisms of respiration

Unit 5: Circulatory System (Page 133)

• Comparative anatomy of heart and major blood vessels

• Evolution of the circulatory system

• Single and double circulation in vertebrates

Unit 6: Urinogenital System (Page 161)

• Structure of kidneys and types of nephrons

• Modes of excretion in vertebrates

• Comparative anatomy of reproductive organs

• Male and female genital systems

Unit 7: Nervous System (Page 191)

• Organization of the central and peripheral nervous systems

• Comparative structure of brain and spinal cord

• Evolution of brain in vertebrates

Unit 8: Sense Organs (Page 221)

• Structure and function of major sense organs (eye, ear, nose, lateral line, etc.)

• Comparative account across vertebrate groups

Unit 9: Practical Manual (Page 245)

• Dissections (or virtual labs) of key organs

• Identification of bones and organs

• Microscopic study of tissues

• Charts and models for comparison

• Record and submission of practical notes