Reproductive Biology Of Angiosperms with practical

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This book, Reproductive Biology of Angiosperms with Practical, is designed in accordance with the Core – 11 paper of the B.Sc. Botany Honours syllabus under the Choice Based Credit System (CBCS). Tailored for 5th semester students, it provides a comprehensive understanding of the reproductive mechanisms in flowering plants (angiosperms), covering both theoretical concepts and practical aspects in a structured and student-friendly manner.

? Course Content

Theory (60 Lectures)

Unit I: Introduction to Reproductive Biology

  • History and scope of reproductive biology in angiosperms

  • Importance of plant reproduction in biodiversity and crop improvement

Unit II: Structure and Development of Reproductive Organs

  • Structure and development of anther and microsporogenesis

  • Tapetum: types, functions, and role in pollen development

  • Ovule: types, structure, and development

  • Megasporogenesis and female gametophyte (Polygonum type)

Unit III: Pollination Biology

  • Types of pollination: autogamy, geitonogamy, xenogamy

  • Agents of pollination: abiotic and biotic

  • Structural adaptations for pollination

  • Pollen-pistil interaction and double fertilization

Unit IV: Post-Fertilization Events

  • Development of endosperm (nuclear, cellular, helobial types)

  • Development of dicot and monocot embryos

  • Seed structure, development, and dispersal mechanisms

  • Fruit development and types

  • Apomixis and polyembryony: types, significance, and applications

Unit V: Breeding Systems and Genetic Control

  • Self-incompatibility: mechanisms and significance

  • Male sterility: types and use in hybrid seed production

  • In vitro fertilization, embryo rescue and somatic embryogenesis (basics)


? Practical (4 Hours per Week)

  1. Anther and Pollen Study

    • Study of anther structure through permanent slides

    • Examination of pollen grains: shape, size, viability tests using stains (e.g., acetocarmine, FDA)

  2. Ovule and Embryo Sac

    • Dissection and observation of ovule types

    • Stages of megasporogenesis and embryo sac development using slides/models

  3. Pollination Biology

    • Types of flowers with different pollination adaptations

    • Pollen germination in vitro

  4. Endosperm and Embryo Development

    • Observation of endosperm and embryo development stages through slides

  5. Apomixis and Polyembryony

    • Identification of apomictic and polyembryonic seeds

  6. Field/Project Work (Optional)

    • Study of pollination in local flora

    • Herbarium preparation of selected reproductive structures


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